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제 26 호 The Brain Behind Modern Ads: AI's Expanding Role in Advertising

Kicker: SCIENCE The Brain Behind Modern Ads: AI's Expanding Role in Advertising by Sumin Lee , Cub-Reporter minnida_@naver.com Unlike the past generation, which has been exposed to the world through text such as books and newspapers, new generations in their teens to 30s have been influenced by video more than text media since childhood. Furthermore, as time goes by this form of media accounts for a larger portion of our lives. The development of technology affects various sectors, and video media, which appears as a product of technology, stimulates vision and hearing at the same time, and conveys information more vividly and immersively. In our society, advertisements that provide more exciting and attractive content and win the hearts of consumers have emerged. Also, now they provide consumers with more enhanced communication power such as customized advertisements that appeal to consumers' preferences through the intergration of new technologies such as AI. Aren't you curious how far you know about AI-based advertising and content? Current of AI-powered Advertising Extension of AI technology https://blog-ko.superb-ai.com/secrets-ai-can-generate-understanding-generative-ai/ With the expansion of technologies such as artificial intelligence, including machine learning, deep learning, computer vision and generative AI, public awareness and understanding of these technologies are growing as they increasingly influence our daily lives. We have beyond personalized video recommendations on Youtube to more advanced applications such as displaying airline ticket discount ads after watching travel video, recommending prodicts based on user conversations on social media, and suggesting menu items on food delivery apps by factoring in the user's location and time of app usage. These technologies are essentially tracking our lives to provide even more personalized advertisements. Furthermore, generative AI has extended this trend by directly creating images, text and videos, enabling the production of visual and video content to be delivered directly to consumers. Background and Examples of AI-based Advertising Advertising based on AI has emerged against the backdrop of a rapidly expanding online, contactless society accelerated by technological advancement and the post-pandemic era. In such an environment, consumers increasingly seek content tailored to their interests, leading to fatigue and resistance toward indiscriminate and repetitive ads. This shift has been further reinforced by the growing influence of the MZ generation(Millennials and Gen Z) in the consumer market, who prefer simple and short-form media, making platforms like social media, YouTube and short-form video apps more effective advertising channels. For example, Coca-Cola uses AI that incorporates computer vision and deep learning to detect whether Coca-Cola bottles or logos appear in images uploaded to social media. This allows the company to analyze user preferences and automatically generate ad content based on this information. This image recognition-based ad targeting enables personalized advertising that reflects consumer tastes, resulting in increased click-through rates. Likewise, OTT(Over-the-top) service providers analyze users' viewing behaviors to recommend ads based on content preferences. Unlike previous YoTube video recommendations, these systems can now insert ads more sensitively, for instance, showing cosmetic or dating app ads to users who frequently watch romance genres, demonstrating how the role of AI continues to expand with the advancement of big data and deep learning technologies. Generative AI and Its Achievements The examples of a real generative AI ad https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csdEvv-uxDQ, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHfXglhrKkQ In addition to these personalized ad technologies, generative AI is now receiving significant attention in advertising. Tools like ChatGPT and Gemini can generate multiple ad copy options in a short time, while platforms like Midjourney and Stable Diffusion can provide various poster design mockups based on a single concept or mood. OpenAI's Sora and Runway ML create videos featuring virtual models or environments based on big data, making them highly effective in today's short form content which is driving the advertising market. These tools allow for the fast and low-cost production of high quality content and eliminate the need for influencers of film crews, thus expanding their utility in company budgets. For example, the Seoul Dairy Cooperative used an AI models that overlaid a child actor's face onto that of an adult actor to depict different stages of growth in an ad for its A2+ milk. Similarly, Lotte group produced a 2024 campaign ad entirely through AI, including image and video editing, music and voiceovers, reducing both production costs and time and demonstrating the growth potential of this technology. The Dark Side of AI-based Advertising While these advanced technologies bring positive impacts to the consumer market, they also have downsides, as with any innovation. For instance, it's still difficult to trust the quality of products recommended by AI influencers. AI-generated ads may appear smooth on the surface but lack emotional depth or trustworthiness due to the absence of human sentiment. Moreover, personalized ads often required vast amounts of personal data, raising concerns about data ethics, such as AI learning from biased date without user consent. As AI takes over roles traditionally held by humans, advertising professionals may find their jobs at risk. Additionally, it becomes difficult to assign responsibility when generated content contains incorrect or biased information. As our lives become more interwined with such technologies, and as the MZ generation solidifies its influence in the consumer market, it is essential not to blindly accept and adopt these expanding technologies. Instead, we must recognize the potential issues they bring and prepare for them by establishing laws and systems that can keep pace with rapidly evolving technologies. Sources: http://youtu.be/QHfXglhrKkQ https://www.hankyung.com/article/202401179808Y?utm_source=chatgpt.com

• 작성일 2025-06-05
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제 26 호 Ozone: The Invisible Smog Choking Our Cities

Kicker: SCIENCE Ozone: The Invisible Smog Choking Our Cities By Sol-Mi Lim, Cub-reporter imsolver4@gmail.com As temperatures rise and air stagnation intensifies during the summer months, ozone (O₃) pollution is becoming a growing concern across urban areas. Unlike the protective ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, ground-level ozone is a harmful pollutant formed when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react with sunlight. High concentrations typically occur between May and August, especially during the afternoon hours. In response, the Ministry of Environment has launched a “Summer Ozone Management Plan” to minimize health risks by reducing the emissions of ozone precursors and enhancing public awareness. With ozone advisories issued more frequently, particularly in densely populated and industrial regions, the government is prioritizing targeted monitoring, emission control, and customized action plans to safeguard vulnerable populations. As climate change continues to drive higher temperatures and stronger sunlight, comprehensive efforts to manage ozone pollution are more urgent than ever. NASA ozone watch Causes of Ozone Formation Ozone at ground level forms through complex chemical reactions. The main contributors are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are released into the atmosphere by vehicle exhaust and industrial activities such as at factories and power plants. When these substances are exposed to intense sunlight, a photochemical reaction occurs. This process creates ozone at the surface, especially in summer when strong sunlight is common. Unlike the ozone in the stratosphere, which protects life from ultraviolet radiation, high concentrations of ground-level ozone act as a dangerous pollutant. Studies show that cities often experience ozone level spikes, sometimes exceeding 0.12ppm on clear summer afternoons—a value well above safe standards. Health Impacts of High Ozone Concentration Ozone pollution is a pressing public health concern. High concentrations can irritate the respiratory system, causing coughing, throat discomfort, and chest pain. Prolonged exposure is known to decrease lung function and worsen conditions such as asthma and other respiratory diseases. Recent research indicates that ozone exposure may trigger asthma attacks by about 20% during the hottest months. Children, older adults, and people with existing respiratory problems are especially vulnerable. Scientific evidence also points to the harmful effects of ozone on the cardiovascular system—regular exposure is associated with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. One study found that long-term ozone exposure could raise overall mortality risk by over 10% in susceptible groups. Once an ozone advisory is announced, following proper guidelines is necessary. Citizens should reduce outdoor activities, especially strenuous exercise, and stay indoors with windows closed to limit exposure. If going outside is unavoidable, wearing a mask and avoiding peak ozone hours—from 2p.m. to 6p.m.—are recommended for additional protection. Practical Solutions: Everyday Efforts to Lower Ozone Pollution Individual choices can make a measurable difference. Cutting down on car use and choosing public transport or bicycles helps reduce VOC and NOx emissions. Adopting energy-saving habits—like turning off unused lights and unplugging electronic devices—can decrease emissions from power plants. It is also advisable to avoid excessive use of air conditioners and printers during periods of high ozone. On campus, students are encouraged to take the initiative in eco-friendly campaigns, promote more bicycle use, and participate in campus-wide energy-saving programs. These collective efforts contribute to a cleaner environment and demonstrate that personal actions matter in the fight against ozone pollution. Beyond personal protection, everyone has a role to play in lowering ozone pollution. Reducing vehicle use by opting for public transportation or cycling, as well as adopting energy-saving habits such as turning off unnecessary lights and electrical devices, directly decreases the emission of ozone precursors. Avoiding excessive use of air conditioners, printers, and other electronic equipment, especially during high ozone periods, further supports these efforts. University students, in particular, can take the initiative in eco-friendly campaigns that promote cycling, support campus-wide programs to reduce electricity consumption, and encourage classmates to participate in collective environmental action. Comprehensive and responsible participation in these activities not only protects vulnerable populations but also demonstrates how individual actions contribute to broader environmental change.The challenges posed by ozone pollution require both vigilance and proactive stewardship. By following official guidelines and making conscious choices in daily life, citizens can help limit ozone formation, safeguard community health, and build a more sustainable urban future.

• 작성일 2025-06-04
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제 25 호 The Importance of Sleep

Kicker: SCIENCE The Importance of Sleep Essential for a healthy life By Myung-Kwan Kang, Editor-in-chief Kmmg199999@naver.com In today’s fast-paced world, many people struggle to get enough sleep due to busy schedules and constant distractions. However, sleep is not just a time for rest. It is a vital process that plays a crucial role in maintaining both physical and mental health. Adequate sleep strengthens the immune system, enhances memory, reduces stress, and supports overall well-being. On the other hand, sleep deprivation can have severe consequences on our health. In this article, we will explore why sleep is essential and how it affects our daily lives. https://kr.pinterest.com/pin/297730225384026490/ The Role of Sleep 1. Physical Recovery Sleep provides rest for both the brain and the body. The brain is constantly active when we move our hands and feet, think, eat, and engage in other activities. The same is true for our physical activities. Just as the body will eventually wear out if it keeps working without rest, the brain operates in the same way. If the brain is active for 16 hours, it needs at least 8 hours of rest to avoid exhaustion and improve performance. 2. Information Processing Function Studying hard without getting enough sleep is unlikely to be effective. Since the brain is responsible for memory, we need to study hard during the day and get sufficient sleep for the memory to be stored. Memory is stored through the hippocampus, and it can only be stored when we sleep. The hippocampus works to organize and deeply store memories while we sleep. Therefore, it is better to study thoroughly and then get more than 7 hours of quality sleep rather than studying late into the night and only sleeping a little in the early morning. This is also more efficient for taking exams or reviewing studies. This holds true both biologically and for brain health. 3. Mental Health As people age, many find themselves falling asleep early but waking up in the middle of the night, and there are also many who cannot sleep for more than three hours. When comparing individuals with and without sleep disorders, there is a clear difference in the progression of depression and dementia, making it crucial to get enough sleep. 4. Waste Management The brain floats in cerebrospinal fluid, and water permeates every corner of the brain. Inside the brain, there are also fluid-filled cavities called ventricles. Therefore, cerebrospinal fluid exists between the inner and outer layers of the brain. During sleep, cerebrospinal fluid helps "wash" the brain and plays a role in cleansing it. Dementia is linked to the accumulation of substances in the brain that are considered waste, and these waste products can build up, often leading to the development of dementia. Sufficient deep sleep is essential for preventing dementia. Sleep is crucial not only for providing rest to the brain and body but also for processing the brain's waste. 5. Homeostasis Maintenance Sleep helps regulate hormone secretion and manage the immune system. Our eyes, brain, kidneys, and digestive system all need rest, and during sleep, homeostasis of hormones is maintained, allowing these functions to continue properly. The body cannot work nonstop throughout the day; it needs to work sufficiently and then rest. Without rest, the body will break down, and that rest can only be achieved through sleep. Sleep and Melatonin So, which cells provide the effects described above? It is melatonin. Melatonin is secreted most actively between 11 PM and 2 AM. It helps slow down aging, detoxify the body, reduce inflammation, and has anti-cancer and antioxidant properties. However, many modern people do not sleep during these hours, preventing the body from recovering properly. Melatonin helps heal skin wounds, regenerate cells, and rebuild cells and the skeleton. It also alleviates damage to the bladder's elasticity, inhibits cell death, and promotes healthy cell regeneration. It increases the number of healthy kidney cells while suppressing bad cells. For those with weak muscles, it helps reduce skeletal muscle atrophy and inhibits the self-destruction of healthy muscle cells. Additionally, melatonin aids in bone formation and collagen synthesis. It supports the liver, central nervous system, and peripheral nervous system. Therefore, it is crucial to fall asleep before 11 PM. Sleep Disorders Sleep is essential for maintaining overall health and well-being, yet many people struggle with sleep disorders that affect their quality of life. Sleep disorders come in various forms, each with unique causes and consequences. Insomnia Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders, characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early and being unable to return to sleep. It can be triggered by stress, anxiety, poor sleep habits, or hidden health problems. Constant insomnia can lead to tiredness, difficulty focusing, and an increased risk of other health problems. Excessive Sleepiness: Hypersomnia While some people struggle to fall asleep, others experience excessive sleepiness despite getting enough rest. Hypersomnia includes conditions like narcolepsy, a brain-related disorder that causes sudden sleep attacks and uncontrollable sleepiness during the day. People with hypersomnia often find it difficult to stay awake and alert, affecting their daily activities and work performance. Unusual Sleep Behaviors: Parasomnias Parasomnias involve unusual movements, emotions, or actions that happen while sleeping. These include sleepwalking, night terrors, and sleep paralysis. While some of these may seem harmless, they can disturb sleep and, in some cases, be dangerous for the person and those around them. Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders One of the most serious sleep disorders is Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), a condition in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep due to airway blockage. This leads to loud snoring, gasping for air, and disturbed sleep. If left untreated, OSA can increase the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and other health problems. How to Prevent Sleep Disorders Many people struggle with sleep disorders that affect their quality of life. Fortunately, there are several strategies that can help prevent sleep disorders and improve sleep quality. 1. Establish a Consistent Sleep Routine Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day can help regulate your body's internal clock. Even on weekends, try to stick to a similar schedule to avoid disrupting your circadian rhythm. Creating a regular sleep environment will help signal your body that it's time to sleep. Consistency is key to training your body to sleep better. 2. Prepare for Sleep in Advance About 30 minutes to an hour before bed, engage in calming activities to prepare your body and mind for rest. Avoid the use of electronic devices, such as smartphones or computers, as they emit blue light that can interfere with sleep. Instead, try reading a book, meditating, or doing relaxation exercises. Avoid stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine, as they can keep you awake. These substances should be avoided at least six hours before bedtime. 3. Get Regular Exercise Regular physical activity can improve the quality of your sleep. However, intense exercise right before bed can be stimulating, so it's best to schedule your workouts earlier in the day. 4. Manage Stress Stress and anxiety are among the leading causes of sleep disorders. To manage stress, consider incorporating relaxation techniques like yoga, deep breathing, or journaling into your daily routine. 5. Avoid Relying on Alcohol or Medications While alcohol may make you feel drowsy initially, it disrupts deeper sleep stages and can result in poor-quality sleep. Similarly, using medications or sleep aids regularly can create dependency and interfere with natural sleep cycles. By following these simple tips, you can significantly reduce the risk of sleep disorders and ensure better quality sleep. Maintaining healthy sleep habits is essential for both physical and mental well-being. In conclusion, sleep is essential for maintaining both physical and mental health. Quality sleep aids in recovery, boosts cognitive function, and helps regulate emotions and stress. Sleep disorders can significantly affect our lives, but by establishing consistent sleep routines, managing stress, and making healthy lifestyle choices, we can improve sleep quality. Prioritizing sleep is key to long-term well-being, and small adjustments can lead to noticeable improvements in how we feel and perform daily. Sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dSgcnBq1_w&t=104s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kB_pJESWHI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzRQVUQJxfs http://www.gysarang.com/Module/News/Lecture.asp?MODE=V&SRNO=6605 file:///C:/Users/TGSS/Downloads/KJFP005-03-21.pdf https://kr.pinterest.com/pin/629589222940958771/

• 작성일 2025-03-04
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제 24 호 KaKao's Kanana: Innovation or Just Another AI Letdown

Kicker: SCIENCE KaKao's Kanana: Innovation or Just Another AI Letdown by Sumin LEE, Reporter minnida_@naver.com In the 21st century, when fierce competition is taking place in companies from various countries, technological advances are developing at a fast pace so that we cannot catch up. Among such developing technologies, AI technology, which is the most notable, is applied to more industries and can be easily seen growing according to the environment. Apple's "Siri," which is most famous for some examples, recently released a version with chatGPT through an ios beta update, understands users' languages better than now, performs tasks to and from specific apps and asks chatGPT to work on users' requests. In addition, Amazon's "Alexa" is a technology that provides information on music performance, news, sport and weather through a voice recognition system and helps control electronic devices with voice in conjunction with smart home appliances. It can also be used in apps and websites such as smartphones and tablets but it can interact through the app and has the function of learning and storing user preferences, interests, and tendencies. At a time when such various companies are actively utilizing the advantages of AI, Kakao, a Korean company,also introduce new functions using AI. In this article, let's take a look at Kanana, a new Kakao technology. What is ‘Kanana’? The announcement of Kanana and the character https://www.donga.com/news/Economy/article/all/20241022/130268340/1 ‘Kanana’ is a messenger that includes "AI" technology that acts as a friend and secretary in one-on-one chat rooms and group chat rooms on an AI interactive platform. It provides an optimization service based on all conversations and cumulative records that take place in the app. It is a platform that allows you to summarize documents, create test questions, recommend places and contents, announce schedules and preparations, and recognize and talk in real time without user requests. According to Kakao’s announcement, understanding each individual context and situation and presenting new communications using AI is expected to contribute to the expansion of loyal users of the Kakao service ecosystem through the structure that ‘Kanana’ takes on. Currently, Kanana's AI interactive platform "Kanana" is undergoing in-house closed beta testing (CBT) within the year and will enter CBT for general users in the first quarter of next year. The Technique of ‘Kanana’ There are many types of communication platforms, and although there are some usability overlaps due to the subdivision of communication, we expect that It is confirmed that it will contribute to the expansion of loyal users in the Kakao service ecosystem. The platform used an AI orchestration strategy. AI Orchestra is a strategy to use AI models according to service functions, such as orchestras that use multiple instruments. Using AI models with different sizes and learning materials can improve the speed of work and if collaboration with Open AI, a company with the GPT series, is actively carried out and activated together, it can save money by selecting multiple AI models like the Korea’s three telecommunication companies that actively introduced overseas AI technology. AI language model of ‘Kanana’ uses a function call called function call, which is essential for implementing services based on the language model by connecting external tools such as behavior instructions and APIs that cannot be performed on its own. Datasets that use this function are configured to evaluate function names and factor extraction accuracy, function call result delivery accuracy, and association detection with callable functions. While third-party datasets are built only around accurate function call message generation in language models. The Problem of AI Service is Rising However, there are limitations to this technology. The most notable part is concerns about "Cannibalization," referring to the phenomenon in which a company's new products erode the market for existing flagshipproducts, which means overlapping usability with existing KakaoTalk, and Kakao CEO Jung Shin-ah says that Kakao Talk and interactive AI service ‘Kanana’ are very different, and Kanana's purpose is to expand new services. If personal information is developed using technology at the risk of leakage of personal information due to AI technology, the damage to personal information exposure due to hacking can increase. A case in point is the leakage of personal information from Kakao Bank, the same affiliate, in 2024. It is also called a "money-eating hippopotamus" because it consumes a lot of money due to reckless competitive development related to AI and energy problems such as carbon emissions are noticeable. In addition, ethical and legal problems with copyright of creations made with generated AI may arise, and it seems necessary to compromise these problems and understand and utilize technology. Have you ever heard of the term "media literacy"? It is simply a combination of human communication tools and technology, media, and literacy, which is the ability to read and write, that makes it easier for us to get new information, which can affect our perspective on technology.In the 21st century, when individual individuality is more important than common trends, it is necessary for consumers to critically view companies that plan and conduct marketing with "differentiation" as their strength and compete with corporate branding. In addition, AI is changing our world faster with the development of technology. Therefore,We can lose our jobs and sometimes we are in a situation where we are not properly compensated for the damage caused by technology due to unspecified laws.In 2024, a new term, Homo Prompt, appeared. It refers to people with high AI literacy who can freely use AI services. Taking advantage of AI's characteristics, where the degree of completion of answers varies greatly depending on the level of prompt, a space where humans enter commands into a computer, it is sometimes evaluated that an individual's competitiveness will depend on their ability to use of AI from 2024 onwards. Givem the situation around us, shouldn't we accept it as it is and have an attitude that allows users and consumers to develop through utilization rather than being overwhelmed by it? Sources: https://n.news.naver.com/article/021/0002670883?sid=103 https://n.news.naver.com/article/029/0002914447?sid=105 https://n.news.naver.com/article/031/0000882981?sid=105 https://www.kakaocorp.com/page/detail/11253 https://n.news.naver.com/article/015/0005055290?sid=105 https://n.news.naver.com/article/003/0012889398?sid=105

• 작성일 2024-11-24
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제 23 호 Beyond the Strike Zone: ​Pros and Cons of ABS in Baseball

Kicker: Science Beyond the Strike Zone: Pros and Cons of ABS in Baseball by Sumin Lee , Cub-Reporter minnida_@naver.com Often referred to as ABS (Automatic Ball-Strike System) is a pitch tracking system that automatically judges strikes and balls by using cameras or radars and artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithm technology to deliver them to the referee. It is also used as a test format in Major League Baseball, but the KBO(Korea Baseball League) officially adopts the technology and actively uses it for the operation of the game. Prior to the introduction of the ABS system, strikes and balls were judged only by the referee and even if the ball reached the same position, the decision was different every time. Only a specific baseball batter was scapegoated or in some cases, a certain club suffered losses due to the referee's unfair judgment. With these problems continuing and technology continuing to develop, ABS technology has emerged, but despite the fact that it is a sophisticated system, it is not always possible to make perfect judgments. Therefore there are many complaints from players and various opinions from baseball fans about the introduction of the technology in the 2024 Korean Baseball League. How about your opinion? We need to think about technology that is also affecting sports. What Is the Strike Zone And ABS? Before we think about this, we need to understand some of baseball's rules. The strike zone which is most problematic in the ABS system right now is a hypothetical three-dimensional space, not a plane above the home plate in front of the batter and pitcher. In fact, strike zones did not appear long ago. Strike zones did not exist in baseball games until the mid-1800s, and pitchers continued pitching until the batter hit the ball. Under these circumstances, a rule called strikeout was introduced by Alexander Cartwright, the founder of modern baseball, but only if the batter swung and missed, and the game time was raised to be indefinitely extended. As a result, the emergence of a similar method to the present was introduced in 1887. Since humans have judged with their eyes how the ball passed through this zone for a long time in the past, the strike zones determined by the referee and by the game situation became different, leading to frequent objections to the decision. 2024 New Rules of Korean Professional Baseball League https://www.koreabaseball.com/Kbo/League/GameManage2024.aspx In the context of constantly experiencing these problems, the first element of integrated technology emerged in baseball when technology developed and began to affect sports. It was the ABS, automatic ball-strike system. Looking at the principles of the automatic pitching judgment system, the laser technology of cameras on the first baseman, third baseman and central electronic display panels is used to calculate coordinate values in the pitching tracking program to determine strikes and balls. Also, judgements are wirelessly communicated to referees through radios and earphones through other audio lines on the field. In this process, an automated system consisting of AI and machine learning algorithms, which are constantly rising, is actively used to determine the outcome of baseball games. This technology sets the middle and end surfaces of the strike zone, which are three-dimensional spaces on the home plate, and determines a strike if both sides of the ball pass, and determines a ball if only one side passes. Of course, these techniques were not perfect from the beginning, but the automatic pitching judgment system introduced in Korea after trial and error, such as long judgment time, large-fall breaking balls, and one-bound ball errors, recorded a 99.9% success rate in the demonstration game and reduced the time it took to make a decision, which greatly affected the running time of baseball games. Method Of Robot Judgement Technology https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200804114600007 The Rising Problem of the ABS Referees are talking about the result of ABS https://imnews.imbc.com/replay/2024/nw1400/article/6589423_36493.html Just as all technologies that help the world have two sides, the automatic pitching judgment system could not avoid it. Of course, it is true that it is a great help in the management of the game, but the problem raised in the 2024 Korea Baseball regular season games is that the strike zone height ratio is adjusted according to the player's height, resulting in the batter being adversely affected depending on the batting form. The automatic pitching judgment system operates a strike zone by setting the player's height ratio and setting the top/bottom of the zone.According to the KBO operating standards in 2024, the top end is 56.35% of the height from the ground, and the bottom end is 27.64%. Second, the competitiveness of international competitions could deteriorate. As South Korea is the only country in the world that officially uses ABS among baseball leagues, organizers of world games can reduce the frequency of appointing Korean referees as chief referees, and the catcher's framing technology, which is a technology that tricks referees by making them look like strikes by technically catching balls slightly out of the strike zone with his glove, does not affect in front of computers, so catcher's skills are not specifically required. However, in countries other than South Korea, which is the only country that uses ABS, it can negatively affect the improvement of Korean catchers' capabilities in a situation where the catcher's ability is constantly being considered important. It also raises the issue of ease of manipulation. As it uses electronic communication technology, the system can be hacked the system or buy managers, making it easy to manipulate. If the technology is abused in this way, the automatic pitching judgement system could lose credibility. When these technologies, which were introduced after predicting various situations, were used in practice, problems that were unexpected emerged. In a South Korean professional baseball game that took place on July 24, the referee declared a strike after making his own judgment that the machine failed to track the ball, claiming that the judgment was not heard by earphones. However, there is also an ABS tablet in the dugout that allows users to see the ABS decision in real time, and although the opposing team protested, claiming it was a ball, it is an unfortunate case that cannot be corrected. What do you think about the advancement of technology that has greatly affected sports? Although our lives have changed in a good way due to the development of various technologies, we sometimes lose our jobs, have our privacy violated, and lose our feelings and thoughts that can only be gained without technology. The automatic pitching judgement system introduced for a good purpose in Korean professional baseball is highly praised, but we need to rethink and think about the role of technology rather than being eaten up by technology based only on the idea that it is convenient. Sources: https://v.daum.net/v/q9Q8iG8CmM https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=1230260&cid=40942&categoryId=32050 https://www.chosun.com/sports/baseball/2024/03/14/RKJ7OHTAJBTYYCWKOOHRSW4JAU/ https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200804114600007 http://www.thesportstimes.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=353008 https://www-dbpia-co-kr.libproxy.smu.ac.kr/pdf/pdfView.do?nodeId=NODE11841202

• 작성일 2024-09-11
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제 23 호 Hedonic Eating

Kicker: SCIENCE Hedonic Eating By Ji-Won Choi, Cub Reporter support0321@naver.com https://mbdrive.gettyimageskorea.com/ Have you ever eaten not because you arehungry, but because you want to eat something? In modern society, people are experiencing not only physical hunger, but also another form of desire called hedonic hunger. Eating food is not only about hunger, but eating food can also be to satisfy our hedonistic desires. Our bodies use energy through meals in order to function. To do this, hormones in the stomach send a signal to the brain that the stomach is empty when it burns more calories than it gets. This is called physical hunger. However, unlike this, when you do not feel hungry, but you have a desire to consume food for the purpose of pleasure, it is called hedonic hunger. Through this article, I would like to learn about the causes of hedonic hunger and the effects of this hunger on our lives and health. An Appetite by Hedonistic Impulses Unlike hunger for our body's homeostasis, the characteristics of stone water seeking pleasure and avoiding pain also affect appetite. From a long time ago, only animals seeking survival and reproduction were able to leave offspring. Since sufficient energy is essential for all animals to survive and reproduce, it is assumed that animals that feel pleasure and strongly reward high-concentration energy foods, such as sugar and fat, are advantageous for survival and reproduction. Rather, our instinct to seek pleasure and avoid pain, which may seem primitive, are characteristics that were inevitably developed in the course of human evolution. However, in modern society, the pleasure and desire of high-concentration energy foods, which were tools to induce individuals to consume food, make them eat for pleasure even if they are not hungry. Some studies of animals and people have found that the brain's reward centers and pleasure centers, which are stimulated by addictive drugs, are stimulated equally by delicious foods high in sugar, fat, and salt.Hunger and appetite are commonly felt together, but they often work independently of each other and affect individual eating behavior. For example, if you see a dessert that looks delicious after eating enough, you will feel an appetite even if you are not hungry. Increased Stress and Appetite your body's reaction when stressed out https://news.koreadaily.com/2019/07/05/society/opinion/7397317.html In addition, psychological stress has increased in modern society compared to the past. These stresses may increase appetite. When stress occurs, it produces stress hormones such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol. Usually, these hormones return to normal when stress is released, but when stress is chronically maintained, it becomes overstressed and cortisol is excessively produced. Cortisol combines with the cortisol receptor in adipose tissue to store fat in the adipose tissue. Stress can reduce appetite for a short period of time. When stressed, sympathetic hormones, such as epinephrine are activated, which can lead to loss of appetite. However, chronic stress increases cortisol, and cortisol dulls the hormone action called leptin. Leptin is a hormone that lowers appetite and increases energy consumption. Therefore, it consequently increases appetite. Addiction and Changes in Our Bodies As with other hedonic experiences, such as drugs, alcohol, and gambling, the more you consume hedonistic food, the more dull your senses become. In other words, the degree of pleasure decreases and the degree of longing increases. Through this process, a vicious cycle of binge eating, being stressed after starving, and binge eating again occurs. When this hedonistic eating addiction begins, weight homeostasis changes. It becomes a stable obese state that forms a new homeostasis balance in the direction of gaining weight from normal weight. The Danger of Obesity As such, eating foods high in calories as a hedonistic motive increases the likelihood of obesity. As the World Health Organization defined obesity as a “disease requiring long-term treatment” in 1996, obesity is not simply negligible. Obese people have more than twice as much mortality as normal weight people. It is mainly caused by cardiovascular disease. In addition, obesity can cause high blood pressure, diabetes, depression, and arthritis. It also increases the risk of various cancers such as colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Therefore, what are some ways to prevent thishedonic eating? First, when you have a desire to eat food, you should think about whether it is physical orhedonic eating. Hedonic eating makes your stomach growl. Also, your energy decreases and your hunger gets worse as time goes by. Normally, when you are full after eating, you stop eating. On the other hand, with hedonic eating, you suddenly feelshunger. There is also a desire to eat certain foods, such as “I want to eat ice cream”. It persists after you are full, and you may feel guilty after eating. Second, eat nutritious and low-calorie foods instead of processed or sweet foods that may lead to overeating. Use natural sweeteners instead of sugar. It is recommended to cook at home as much as possible, and eat three meals regularly. Avoid caffeine drinks and drink enough water. Third, try to understand your current emotions. Since pleasure hunger occurs according to our emotional state, it is good to understand exactly what kind of emotions you are feeling. And rather than relieving these emotions by eating food, they express them in a healthy way. It is recommended to try various methods such as exercising, meditating, and listening to music. Fourth, wait for a moment. When you feel the urge to eat for a moment, it's better to eat after a while rather than eat right away. This is because hedonic eating can be reduced. Drinking water is a good method to delay time. Additionally, limiting accessibility can be beneficial. Avoid keeping snacks at home. Even if you crave them, you become lazy to go outside and don't eat. Finally, don't drink alcohol. Alcohol can reduce our self-control and cause binge eating. Also, alcohol has an effect on our body's blood sugar control. Alcohol can raise blood sugar quickly and stimulate the secretion of insulin. This makes you want to eat again because your blood sugar levels drop sharply. Sources: https://www.bbc.com/korean/articles/c4n145x3g12o http://www.mind-journal.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=67 조우진, 이인혜. (2019). 쾌락적허기짐, 충동성이폭식행동에미치는영향: 충동성의조절효과를중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 임상심리연구와실제, 5(4), 377-394. https://www.sisajournal.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=217720

• 작성일 2024-09-09
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제 22 호 Everything about Appetite Suppressants

Kicker: Science Everything about Appetite Suppressants By Yu-Na Seo, Cub-reporter seoyuna100@naver.com Is your life healthy? Summer is coming, so how about your body? These days, Kim Kardashian took Wegovy and had a weight loss of 7kg. Everyone wants apretty and healthy body. So, anorectic agents are growing in popularity. This article will help you to know everything about anorectic agents. Background of appetite suppressant development,how it functions in our body, side effects, how to take it, etc… Background of Appetite Suppressants’ Development Appetite suppressants are pharmaceuticals developed to address the serious health issues related to obesity that have emerged in modern society. In industrialized nations, the prevalence of obesity is increasing due to factors such as changes in food consumption and lifestyle. Consequently, there is a growing awareness of the need to address this issue. Against this backdrop, appetite suppressants have been primarily developed to address health issues related to obesity management. However, the reality is somewhat complex. Concerns have been raised that these medications may not only target obese individuals but also be exploited by the already slim and affluent segments of society seeking further weight reduction. The Correlation between Health Inequality and Appetite Suppressants The interaction between health inequality and appetite suppressants is a significant social health issue. Health inequality refers to the phenomenon where socially and economically vulnerable groups experience constraints in the accessibility and usability of health services. This also affects appetite suppressants, such as obesity management medications. These medications often come with high costs and economic burdens, making it difficult for economically vulnerable individuals and groups to access them. Cultural factors play a crucial role in the interaction between health inequality and appetite suppressants. Individuals with specific cultural or social backgrounds may have different attitudes and behavioral patterns toward obesity, which can influence the use of obesity management medications. Cultural discrimination and biases can hinder certain groups from accessing health services and information. Information and education are essential for the use of health services and effective medication. Lack of health information can impede understanding of proper medication use and health management, exacerbating health inequality. Therefore, a focus on improving accessibility and increasing understanding of information is crucial for inclusive and effective health service supply. Side Effects of Appetite Suppressants Appetite suppressants can cause different reactions in our bodies. Some common side effects are headaches, feeling sick, constipation, feeling confused, and having trouble sleeping. These symptoms usually happen at the beginning and get better as your body gets used to the medication. However, there are more serious side effects to watch out for. Some people may have dangerous effects on their heart and blood pressure. This happens because appetite suppressants change how certain chemicals work in our bodies. Using appetite suppressants for a long time might also make them less effective or cause more side effects over time. Hormones Involved in Appetite Suppression The hormone that makes blood sugar levels low is insulin.GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) is an intestinal hormone secreted in the small intestine, and it plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. It contains aningredient that increases the amount of insulin secreted so that our body can secrete well insulin. Some appetite suppressants activate GLP-1 receptors to suppress appetite and regulate blood sugar levels. These appetite suppressants mimic the action of GLP-1 receptors to stabilize blood sugar levels and promote weight loss. Our bodies have special chemicals called hormones that control things like hunger and blood sugar. One important hormone is insulin, which helps lower our blood sugar levels. Another hormone called GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) comes from our intestines and helps keep our blood sugar levels stable. GLP-1 does something special – it tells our body to make more insulin, which helps control our blood sugar better. Some appetite suppressants work by activating parts of our body called GLP-1 receptors. This helps reduce our appetite and keeps our blood sugar levels in check. So, these medications work kind of like GLP-1 does, helping us feel less hungry and maybe even lose weight. How to Take Appetite Suppressants The amount of medicine you need might be different depending on you and the kind of appetite suppressant you're using. So, it's really important to follow the exact instructions your doctor gives you. When you're taking appetite suppressants, it's super important to only use them the way your doctor says. Don't give them to anyone else or use them for anything else. If you have any weird feelings or reactions while taking them, make sure to talk to a doctor right away. Some appetite suppressants, like Vygobin, are given as shots at specific times. These shots should only be given by a doctor or nurse in a hospital. Don't try to give yourself the shot – let a doctor do it for you. Usually, you'll take the shot before meals, and you'll need to follow your doctor's instructions exactly. And if you have any problems or weird feelings after taking Vygobin, be sure to talk to your doctor as soon as possible. Appetite suppressants are important medications that assist in managing obesity, but their use requires caution. It's crucial to consider health disparities and cultural factors that may influence medication usage. Therefore, when using such medications, strict adherence to medical instructions is necessary, and immediate consultation with healthcare professionals is advised if there are any side effects or adverse reactions. We encourage you to understand well about the background of appetite suppressants' development, their side effects, hormonal influences, administration methods, and more. We support your journey towards making a more healthy life. Sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bthGb6Xyr8c&t=23s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0u-KtdY2tQ

• 작성일 2024-06-10
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제 21 호 Reactive Oxygen Species

Kicker: SCIENCE Reactive Oxygen Species Are 90% of human diseases caused by reactive oxygen species? By Myung-Gwan Kang Kmmg199999@naver.com Reactive oxygen is oxygen, but this may be a word you’ve never heard before. When you hear the name, reactive oxygen may seem like very good oxygen, but it is scary oxygen. One surprising fact about reactive oxygen was announced at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in the United States in 1991. That is, 90% of the 36,000 diseases that humans suffer from on Earth are caused by reactive oxygen species. What is a reactive oxygen species? What is this scary reactive oxygen species that is the source of all diseases? When a person breathes, oxygen brought in through the lungs travels through the arteries and throughout the body. Inside cells are mitochondria, which are called the power plants of the cell. Here, energy is created using oxygen that enters the body. When energy is generated, water and carbon dioxide are created, and the waste oxygen created at this time is reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen is created during various metabolic processes when oxygen that enters the body during breathing is used in the oxidation process. Reactive oxygen is a harmful oxygen with strong oxidizing power that attacks biological tissues and damages cells. Additionally, oxygen is overproduced due to environmental pollution, chemicals, ultraviolet rays, blood circulation disorders, stress, etc. The overproduced reactive oxygen causes oxidation in the human body. Furthermore, all cellular structures, including cell membranes and DNA, are damaged, and depending on the extent of the damage, cell function may deteriorate Free radicals are molecules containing highly chemically reactive oxygen atoms. Superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxy radicals are representative reactive oxygen species molecules and are formed through a partial reduction reaction of oxygen. Additionally, highly reactive singlet oxygen may be generated by photostimulation. Most reactive oxygen molecules have the characteristic of having unpaired electrons. Effects of Reactive Oxygen Reactive oxygen has both positive and negative effects on cells. This does not mean that reactive oxygen is 100% bad for your health. That's only one side of the story about reactive oxygen. Reactive oxygen must be generated in appropriate amounts to strengthen the body's immunity and help cell growth. Reactive oxygen is essential because if low levels of reactive oxygen are generated, cells cannot grow properly and cannot remove harmful foreign substances such as pathogens or nicotine. An appropriate amount of reactive oxygen is essential for maintaining health. Why is reactive oxygen bad for the human body? The reason is excessive reactive oxygen. A moderate amount of reactive oxygen attacks bad cells, but when it increases, it attacks even normal cells. It must attack foreign substances such as germs, mold, and bacteria, but excessive reactive oxygen attacks legitimate cells. The increase in reactive oxygen occurs for many reasons, including incorrect diet, stress, drinking, smoking, drugs, ultraviolet rays, radiation, disease, and aging. Reactive oxygen attacks our body's cells about 100,000 times every day. So how does reactive oxygen cause aging? Reactive oxygen is also called free radicals, literally meaning oxygen that is active. Normally, oxygen molecules must have a pair of electrons to form a stable bond, but if they lose one electron due to various stress reasons, they become very unstable. Unstable free radicals begin to attack other opponents in order to regain lost electrons and achieve a stable state. This is the oxidation process. The process by which fresh apples gradually become shriveled and eventually rot and disappear is also a process in which cells are destroyed by oxidative stress. Overproduced free radicals oxidize the complex protein that carries cholesterol in the blood, narrowing the diameter inside the blood vessels. When this happens, the blood supply is reduced, causing angina or high blood pressure, and the blood vessel walls are weakened, causing cerebral hemorrhage or heart attack. Excessively produced reactive oxygen attacks DNA, mutating genes and causing cancer. However, our body has antioxidant power to stabilize free radicals, so we can stabilize them to some extent. Prevention Method The first way to prevent excessive production of free radicals is to quit smoking. When harmful substances contained in cigarettes enter the lungs, the body tries to defend itself by creating reactive oxygen. Second. Applying sunscreen. Ultraviolet rays are invisible to the eye, but exposure to large amounts of ultraviolet rays increases free radicals in our bodies. Third, don't be stressed. When you are stressed, the blood vessels in your body contract and the amount of free radicals increases in the process of controlling blood flow. Fourth is abstinence from alcohol. When you drink alcohol, your liver detoxifies and creates free radicals. Fifth, eat less. When we eat food, free radicals are generated in the process of decomposing the food. Overeating is not good because our body detoxifies nutrients that are not suitable for our body and creates free radicals. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, etc. are good. Also, take vitamins A, C, and E to reduce free radicals. Foods rich in vitamins include tomatoes, spinach, garlic, and blueberries. However, it is difficult to eat them all, so among seasonal fruits, dark yellow (tangerine), blue (grape), and red (apple) fruits provide the best antioxidants. In conclusion, the air we breathe may seem harmless on the outside, but it has scary effects. That is, 90% of human diseases are caused by reactive oxygen species. The reactive oxygen produced when oxygen is inhaled has strong oxidizing power, so special care must be taken to prevent excessive reactive oxygen from being generated. To do this, you need to avoid stress and take vitamins consistently. In this way, oxygen is essential for living in the world, but it also makes life difficult. If everyone takes advantage of both the benefits of oxygen and active oxygen through proper exercise and diet, they will be able to live a healthier life. Sources: https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=5733568&cid=60266&categoryId=60266 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUPPE_e98wg https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=3408923&cid=60335&categoryId=60335 https://blog.naver.com/gkstjdwn1010/222688952828 https://www.istockphoto.com/kr/%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%84/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%84%EA%B3%BC-%ED%91%B8%EB%A5%B8-%ED%95%98%EB%8A%98-%EC%A3%BC%EC%9C%84%EC%97%90-%EB%96%A0%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94-%EC%82%B0%EC%86%8C-%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%B8%EC%99%80-%EC%82%B0%EC%86%8C%EB%8A%94-%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%90-%EB%96%A0%EC%9E%88%EB%8B%A4-gm1209045879-349712794?utm_source=pixabay&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=SRP_image_sponsored&utm_content=https%3A%2F%2Fpixabay.com%2Fko%2Fimages%2Fsearch%2F%25EC%2582%25B0%25EC%2586%258C%2F&utm_term=%EC%82%B0%EC%86%8C

• 작성일 2024-02-23
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제 21 호 How to Fight a Virus That Is Getting​ Stronger

Kicker: SCIENCE How to Fight a Virus That Is Getting Stronger By Su-Young Kim, Reporter /kimsuyoung1342@gmail.com Numerous infectious diseases such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 are threatening the health and lives of the people, and new viruses are still emerging.A disease of fear that threatens the health and lives of the people. SARS, which occurred in November 2002, killed 774 people in 37 countries, MERS in April 2015 killed 2,400 people, 830 people, and COVID-19 in China in 2019 killed 6,956,000 people worldwide. Also, even at this moment, infectious diseases are quietly spreading everywhere. a viral infection in which God is unpredictable. What are the causes and prevention of the outbreak? Types of Infectious Disease Historically, infectious diseases have been affected by various infectious diseases to the extent that they are said to have been with humans. Malaria and tuberculosis continue to be one of the most common infectious diseases. Malaria is also present in Korea, but it is not fatal. When you go to tropical areas, you have deadly malaria, so you must be careful not to get bitten by mosquitoes. After the Industrial Revolution, tuberculosis spread more through group life such as factories, and even now, college students with tuberculosis bacteria are not allowed to live together in dormitories. Hansen's disease, which was prevalent in the 13th century, is a disease in which fingers and toes fall off. The plague was a deadly disease that is often said to have destroyed the Middle Ages, and by the end of World War I, more people were killed by the flu than by the combat of World War I. Fortunately, the disease, formerly known as papilla or smallpox, has not been reported since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it to have disappeared from Earth between 1979 and 1980. Most of the infectious diseases of the past have been resolved today, so you don't have to worry too much, but the new infectious diseases are a problem these days. picture1https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-5096014 The Cause of an Infectious Disease Why do infectious diseases occur? To cause an infectious disease, you first need a pathogen. It refers to a microorganism that causes disease. You must have this pathogen to cause disease, and this pathogen must be living in groups somewhere. This is called a hospital or a hospital. The pathogen must come out of this hospital and spread to humans. When a person breathes, the virus entering the nose refers to transmission, and it must be transmitted and enter the human body and then enter the human cells. This is the process of invading the host. If a pathogen invading the host is destroyed by human immune function, it cannot cause disease. Therefore, it is said that when immune function is weak, it causes disease, and the host's sensitivity is strong. Infectious diseases are caused by six factors, and there are many different pathogens that cause infectious diseases. Pathogen viruses have recently been spreading more strongly and faster than before as a new virus. SARS, a severe acute respiratory syndrome spread to the respiratory system, was a respiratory disease that occurred in China, including the swine flu that killed 280,000 people in 2009 and the Ebola virus, which has a fatality rate of nearly 90%. What the deadly 21st century nephrotic viral infections have in common is that more than 70% were infected through animals. Viruses that have caused genetic mutations through animals are highly viable and difficult to make therapeutic vaccines, which are developing into stronger human-infected viruses. SARS originated in Chinese bats and spread through civets, swine flu spread through Mexican pigs and avian influenza through wild birds, and the Ebola virus spread to humans through fruit bats. Characteristics of Viruses Viruses are often in the middle of living and inanimate objects in middle and high school life sciences. The reason why we use this expression is that viruses cannot multiply on their own. No matter how harmful pathogen bacteria or viruses are to our bodies, if the number does not increase, we have little damage. After entering our body, the number increases significantly and must be capable of exceeding our body's immune function to damage our body. In the case of a virus, it must enter a person's host cell, increase the number, kill the host cell, and exit. Through this process, the number of viruses increases, and our bodies also have immune functions to fight against them. However, if it takes a long time to have an immune function, the disease occurs first. 8 Ways to Improve Your Immunity I mentioned above to beat the virus, the role of immunity is very important. Therefore, it will tell you 8 ways to boost your immunity. First, eating a diet full of nutrients is important. A balanced, nutrient-rich diet is key to help defend our bodies against sickness. Fruits and vegetables are full of antioxidants that help to stimulate and activate the T-cells which help to activate immune cells to fight infection. Vegetables are also filled with essential vitamins and minerals. Secondly, get plenty of quality sleep. Like nutrient-rich food, quality sleep (6-7 hours) helps keep the T-cells active. Third, stay hydrated. Water is necessary for carrying oxygen to organs, cells, and tissues. Water also helps to remove toxins from the body and prevent toxin build-up. Fourth, limit sugar consumption. Sugar affects the cells in your immune system, including our white blood cells which are responsible for attacking bad bacteria in our bodies. Five, exercise daily. Exercise activates the sympathetic nervous system which is responsible for releasing hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine that activate our immune cells. It’s important to understand that daily exercise does not have to be extreme to reap the benefits. Moderate exercise, such as a 20-minute walk is very effective and not to mention feels great! Six, wash your hands thoroughly. Washing your hands is one of the most effective ways to keep germs from spreading. Some viruses can live on surfaces for hours-some even days. Washing your hands throughout the day can help keep the germs from getting inside of your body. Seven, minimize stress. Minimizing stress is going to help keep your immune system running smoothly. Lastly, you have to get natural supplements. There is no one supplement that can cure or prevent any disease. But supplements can help improve immunity. Certain compounds in supplements, especially vitamins, play a big role in your metabolism and maintenance of the body's immune defenses. picture2https://wellhealthcenters.com/improve-immune-system As always has been the case in the past, many infectious diseases will continue to develop and threaten us. That's why we have to try to protect ourselves. Let's recognize the dangers of the severity of infectious disease and try to develop immunity and beat the viruses. Sources:http://m.viva100.com/view.php?key=20200304010001981 https://n.news.naver.com/article/079/0003520059?sid=102 https://n.news.naver.com/article/052/0001561951?sid=102

• 작성일 2024-02-21
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